由 java.nio.channels 包定义 的。Channel 表示 IO 源与目标打开的连接。 Channel 类似于传统的“流”。只不过 Channel 本身不能直接访问数据,Channel 只能与 Buffer 进行交互。
取通道的一种方式是对支持通道的对象调用 getChannel() 方法。支持通道的类如下:
获取通道的其他方式是使用 Files 类的静态方法 newByteChannel() 获 取字节通道。或者通过通道的静态方法 open() 打开并返回指定通道。
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.txt") , StandardOpenOption.READ , StandardOpenOption.WRITE , StandardOpenOption.CREATE );
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate( 100 );
buf.put( "hello world".getBytes() );
int bytesWrite = inChannel.write(buf)
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.txt") , StandardOpenOption.READ , StandardOpenOption.WRITE , StandardOpenOption.CREATE );
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate( 1024 );
int bytesWrite = inChannel.write(buf)
分散读取(Scattering Reads)是指从 Channel 中读取的数据“分 散”到多个 Buffer 中。 注意:按照缓冲区的顺序,从 Channel 中读取的数据依次将 Buffer 填满。
聚集写入(Gathering Writes)是指将多个 Buffer 中的数据“聚集” 到 Channel。 注意:按照缓冲区的顺序,写入 position 和 limit 之间的数据到 Channel 。
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get("/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.png" ), StandardOpenOption.READ );
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/2.png") , StandardOpenOption.READ , StandardOpenOption.WRITE , StandardOpenOption.CREATE );
outChannel.transferFrom( inChannel , 0 , inChannel.size() );
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get("/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.png" ), StandardOpenOption.READ );
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/2.png") , StandardOpenOption.READ , StandardOpenOption.WRITE , StandardOpenOption.CREATE );
inChannel.transferTo( 0, inChannel.size(), outChannel );
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
package com.gf.nio;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedMap;
/**
* 一、通道(Channel): 用于源节点与目标节点的连接。在Java中负责缓冲区中数据的传输。Channel 本身不存储数据,因此要配合缓冲区区进行传输。
*
* 二、通道的主要实现类
* java.bio.channels.Channel 接口:
* |--FileChannel
* |--SocketChannel
* |--ServerSocketChannel
* |--DatagramChannel
*
* 三、获取通道
* 1. Java针对支持通道的类型提供了 getChannel()方法
* 本地 IO:
* FileInputStream/FileOutStream
* RandomAccessFile
*
* 网络IO:
* Socket
* ServerSocket
* DatagramSocket
*
* 2. 在 JDK1.7 中的NIO.2 针对各个通道提供了静态方法 open()
* 3. 在 JDK1.7 中的NIO.2 的 Files 工具类的 newByteChannel()
*
* 四、通道之间的数据传输
* transferFrom()
* transferTo()
*
* 五、分散(Scatter)与聚合(Gather)
* 分散读取(Scattering Reads): 将通道中的数据分散到多个缓冲区中
* 聚集写入(Gathering Writes): 将多个缓冲区中的数据聚集到通道中
*
* 六、字符集 : Charset
* 编码 : 字符串 -> 字节数组
* 解码 : 字节数组 -> 字符串
*
*/
public class TestChannel {
/**
* 利用通道完成文件的复制(非直接缓冲区)
*/
@Test
public void test1(){
FileInputStream fis = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
//①获取通道
FileChannel inChannel = null;
FileChannel outChannel = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.png" );
fos = new FileOutputStream( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/2.png" );
inChannel = fis.getChannel();
outChannel = fos.getChannel();
//②分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate( 1024 );
//③通道中的数据存入缓冲区
while (inChannel.read( buf ) != -1){
//切换到读取数据的模式
buf.flip();
//④将缓冲区的数据写入到通道中
outChannel.write( buf );
//清空缓冲区
buf.clear();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (null != outChannel) {
try {
outChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != inChannel) {
try {
inChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != fis) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
* 使用直接缓冲区完成文件的复制(内存映射文件)
*/
@Test
public void test2() throws IOException {
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.png" ) , StandardOpenOption.READ );
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/2.png" ) , StandardOpenOption.READ , StandardOpenOption.WRITE , StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
//内存映射文件
MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map( FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size() );
MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map( FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size() );
//直接对缓冲区进行数据的读写操作
byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
inMappedBuf.get( dst );
outMappedBuf.put( dst );
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
}
/**
* 通道之间的数据传输(直接缓冲区)
*/
public void test3() throws IOException {
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get("/Users/huanchu/Documents/1.png" ), StandardOpenOption.READ );
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open( Paths.get( "/Users/huanchu/Documents/2.png") , StandardOpenOption.READ , StandardOpenOption.WRITE , StandardOpenOption.CREATE );
//outChannel.transferFrom( inChannel , 0 , inChannel.size() );
inChannel.transferTo( 0, inChannel.size(), outChannel );
inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
}
/**
* 分散和聚集
*/
@Test
public void test4() throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt" , "rw");
//1. 获取通道
FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();
//2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate( 100 );
ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate( 4096 );
//分散读取
ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1 , buf2};
channel1.read( bufs );
for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer: bufs) {
byteBuffer.flip();
}
System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array() , 0 , bufs[0].limit()));
System.out.println("---------------------------");
System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array() , 0 , bufs[1].limit()));
//聚集写入
RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile( "2.txt" , "rw" );
FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();
channel2.write( bufs );
}
@Test
public void test5() {
SortedMap<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();
Set<Map.Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String , Charset> entry : set) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());
}
}
/**
* 字符集
*/
@Test
public void test6() throws CharacterCodingException {
Charset cs1 = Charset.forName( "GBK" );
//获取编码器
CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();
//获取解码器
CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();
CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate( 1024 );
cBuf.put( "哈哈,hello world" );
cBuf.flip();
//编码
ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode( cBuf );
for (int i = 0 ; i < bBuf.limit() ; i++) {
System.out.println(bBuf.get());
}
//解码
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode( bBuf );
System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
Charset cs2 = Charset.forName( "UTF-8" );
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode( bBuf );
//按 utf-8 解码会乱码
System.out.println( cBuf3.toString() );
}
}
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